国际上，如何处理餐厨垃圾仍然是一个令人头痛的问题，各个国家处理餐厨垃圾的主要方法还是填埋。与传统的垃圾填埋场相比，餐厨垃圾发电厂中垃圾露天暴露的时间很短，一般不会超过一天，在还未发出浓重恶臭的时候就进入发酵罐，产生病菌的可能性大幅减小，从而对土壤、空气和水源的污染随之大幅减小。同时，厨余垃圾发电技术相对简单，投资也较少，带来的环保效益却十分可观。因此，餐厨垃圾发电已经成为未来处理餐厨垃圾的发展趋势。

　　Internationally, how to deal with kitchen waste remains a headache, and the main method for dealing with kitchen waste in various countries is still landfill. Compared with traditional landfill sites, the outdoor exposure time of garbage in kitchen waste power plants is very short, generally not exceeding one day. It enters the fermentation tank before it emits a strong odor, greatly reducing the possibility of bacterial production, and thus greatly reducing the pollution of soil, air, and water sources. At the same time, the technology of generating electricity from kitchen waste is relatively simple and requires less investment, but the environmental benefits it brings are considerable. Therefore, the generation of electricity from kitchen waste has become a development trend for the future treatment of kitchen waste.

　　餐厨垃圾发电技术简介

　　Introduction to Kitchen Waste Power Generation Technology

　　餐厨垃圾经过垃圾分类后被运输到发酵罐中，发酵罐中含大量的微生物，主要是甲烷细菌，不断吞食厨余垃圾中的有机物，并排放出可燃烧的甲烷气体，这就是我们熟知的沼气。这些沼气可燃性很好，可以直接用于燃烧发电，也可以直接输送给其他工厂作为燃气。不能被微生物消化的有机物，就沉淀在发酵罐中成为淤泥，经过无害化处理后，可以用作有机肥料。

　　After being classified, kitchen waste is transported to fermentation tanks, which contain a large number of microorganisms, mainly methane bacteria. They constantly ingest organic matter in kitchen waste and emit combustible methane gas, which is known as biogas. These biogas have good combustibility and can be directly used for combustion and power generation, or directly transported to other factories as gas. Organic matter that cannot be digested by microorganisms settles in fermentation tanks and becomes sludge. After harmless treatment, it can be used as organic fertilizer.

　　餐厨垃圾沼气电站

　　Kitchen waste biogas power station

　　随着餐厨垃圾处理力度的不断加大，沼气电站等清洁能源发展项目也会随之增多，在餐厨垃圾变废为宝的同时，还应考虑到过程中是否还会对周围环境形成二次污染。沼气发电机组在运转过程中同样会给大气带来污染，其间生成的氮氧化物NOx就是污染环境和影响人体健康的罪魁祸首。沼气发电机组尾气中的氮氧化物治理成为了餐厨垃圾发电催生的新需求。

　　With the continuous increase in the treatment of kitchen waste, the development of clean energy projects such as biogas power stations will also increase. While turning kitchen waste into treasure, consideration should also be given to whether the process will also cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment. Biogas generator sets also cause pollution to the atmosphere during operation, and the nitrogen oxides NOx generated during this process are the main culprits that pollute the environment and affect human health. The treatment of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of biogas generators has become a new demand for the generation of electricity from kitchen waste.

　　沼气发电机组尾气治理技术

　　Exhaust gas treatment technology for biogas generator sets

　　沼气发电机组尾气氮氧化物NOx治理比较成熟的技术是SCR选择性催化还原技术。选择性催化还原法（SCR）对沼气发电机组尾气中的NOx进行控制，利用NH3或尿素（通常采用质量比为32.5%的尿素水溶液）作为还原性物质，在O2浓度高出 NOx浓度两个数量级以上的条件下，在一定的温度和催化剂作用下，利用NH3将NOx还原为N2和H2O，由于NH3选择性地优先还原NOx，而不先与O2反应，故称之为“选择性催化还原”。

　　The mature technology for treating nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas of biogas generators is SCR selective catalytic reduction technology. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method is used to control NOx in the exhaust gas of biogas generators. NH3 or urea (usually a 32.5% mass ratio urea solution) is used as a reducing substance. Under conditions where the O2 concentration is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the NOx concentration, NH3 is used to reduce NOx to N2 and H2O under certain temperature and catalyst conditions. Since NH3 selectively reduces NOx first without reacting with O2, it is called "Selective Catalytic Reduction".

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